Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma
Melasma is a type of skin condition characterized by gray-brown to brown patches. It usually appears on the cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, upper lip, and chin. It can also form on the neck and forearms. Melasma is more common in women as well in people with dark skin, including those of Asian, Latin, Middle Eastern, Indian, North African, and Mediterranean descent.
What Causes Melasma?
The causes of this skin condition is still unknown although genetics is said to be a major factor since people with history of melasma in their family are more prone to developing this skin condition.
How is Melasma Diagnosed?
Because this condition is very common and is easily characterized by brown patches or spots on the face, dermatologists and skin doctors diagnose the condition by simply looking at the patient’s skin. In some occasions, a dermatologist may recommend skin biopsy to make sure that the brown spots are indeed caused by melasma.
How is Melasma Treated?
Melasma sometimes fades on its own even without treatment. This is common in melasma caused by pregnancy or sudden stop in taking contraceptives or birth control pills. If the skin condition stays or does not fade gradually, treatment may be needed.
There are different skin creams especially formulated to treat melasma. One of the main ingredients used in these skin creams is hydroquinone, a common skin-lightening agent. If skin darkening or irritation becomes noticeable with the use of skin-lightening cream or ointment, consult with a dermatologist or skin expert immediately.
Your dermatologist or skin doctor may prescribe a skin cream higher hydroquinone concentration. It is also possible to use skin creams with tretinoin, glycolic acid, or corticosteroids, which can enhance the lightening effect when combined with hydroquinone. Azelaic acid is also commonly used in treating skin conditions such as melasma. Koic acid is also commonly listed in the active ingredients of skin creams for melasma treatment.
Cosmetic procedures may also be used to treat this skin condition. Examples are microdermabrasion, chemical peel, or laser surgery. These cosmetic procedures can be successful and effective but they require the service of a skin expert or dermatologist because complications may arise when the procedure is not done well or according to the skin type of the patient. Patients may have to wait for several months to see significant improvement. It is also very important to follow the directions of your dermatologist carefully during the treatment course to ensure maximum efficacy and benefit.
Please consult with your doctor if you think you have melasma.